12/25/2023 0 Comments White rhinoceros incubation periodThe incubation period for rhinoviral infection is only 8- 10 hours. Unlike poliovirus, the rhinovirus capsid (protective protein coat) irreversibly disassembles at low pH, effectively inactivating the virus. The virus will also be swallowed and it will end up in the stomach where both increased temperature and decreased pH will work to prevent infection. The virus may find its way to the lower portion of the lungs, but temperatures there will be several degress warmer (approximately 37☌) and will not be conducive to rhinoviral infection. This occurs for one very important reason: rhinoviruses are extremely inefficient replicators at temperatures above 33☌. The infection remains localized in the upper respiratory tract. It has been shown that 95% of people exposed to a rhinovirus strain they have not previously encountered become infected, and 75% of those infected become ill. Rhinovirus is amazingly efficient at producing infections. Once there, the virus attaches to cell surface receptors known as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule- 1 (ICAM-1), and infection begins. Whithin the next 10-15 minutes, it is transported to the back of the throat. The virus generally gets into the nasal passage through inhalation of particles or touching of the nose with a contaminated hand. The route of entry for rhinovirus is via the upper respiratory tract. This family is known as Picornaviridae, or small (pico) RNA (rna) viruses (viridae). Rhinoviruses belong to the same virus family as the more widely feared poliovirus. The genome is made up of one linear, single-stranded RNA molecule. This is so small that they are only visible when viewed under an electron microscope. Rhinoviruses are non-enveloped viruses that are approximately 30 nm (3 x 10 -8 meters) in diameter. An understanding of rhinoviral infection is needed in order to appreciate how these treatments work. There are some newer treatments that have been shown to shorten the duration of viral infection. Even conventional treatments, such as decongestants and antihistamines, are only capable of relieving symptoms (often while causing side effects). None of these treatments actually cure a cold. In a last ditch effort to relieve symptoms, a hot toddy laced with rum has also been served. This eventually evolved into honey and lemon. Colonial Americans drank tea or herbal concoctions of sage, hyssop, goldenseal, bloodroot, black cohosh and buckthorn (among others). Twefth century Egyptian physicians recommended chicken soup (reportedly learned from the ancient Greeks). Ancient Romans drank onion broth to relieve symptoms. Due to the vast number of viruses responsible, vaccination is not a reasonable way to prevent or eradicate the common cold.Ĭolds have been treated in a variety of ways through the centuries. In total, hundreds of different viruses cause symptoms known as the common cold. Researchers also found that Rhinoviruses are only responsible for half of all colds, with adenoviruses and several others causing the remaining half. An extensive search for the cause of the common cold led to the discovery of over one hundred different Rhinoviruses. Modern medicine has done little towards finding a cure for the common cold. RHINOVIRUS: AN UNSTOPPABLE CAUSE OF THE COMMON COLD
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